India’s low CO2 emissions stand out as the country accelerates its green energy transition, leveraging renewables for sustainable growth. India’s making waves on the global stage. It’s now the world’s fifth-largest economy. Yet, its per capita CO2 emissions stay among the lowest worldwide. This balance comes as renewable energy takes off.
Per Capita Emissions Stay Low
India keeps its carbon footprint small per person. The Hinrich-IMD Sustainable Trade Index pegs it at 1.9 tons of CO2 per capita. Compare that to the global average of 4.6 tons. The U.S. sits at 14.7 tons, per World Bank 2019 data. China’s at 2.2 tons. India’s total emissions hit 2.8 gigatonnes (Gt) in 2023, up 190 million tonnes from 2022. Still, per capita numbers show restraint.
- India’s Figure: 1.9 tons per capita.
- Global Average: 4.6 tons.
- Total Emissions: 2.8 Gt in 2023.
Green Energy Takes Off
Renewables are surging in India. Installed capacity reached 209.4 GW by December 2024. That’s up from 175 GW in 2022. Solar leads with 24,546 MW added in 2024 alone. Wind chipped in 3,426 MW. Coal’s share in power generation dropped below 50% in 2024.
Amit Jain from Ashoka University said, “India’s progress in the implementation of renewable energy is a testament to its commitment towards sustainable development along with fulfilling development needs.” The change is difficult to overlook.
Economic Growth and Emissions
The Indian economy is booming. It grew 6.7% in 2023. Emissions grew faster, by over 7%. Steel and cement production soared, ahead of GDP. Electricity demand climbed too—12% during 2023’s monsoon months versus 3% in non-monsoon periods. Yet, per capita emissions remain low. That’s key as India balances growth with green goals.
Policy Push Behind the Scenes
Government action drives this trend. The National Solar Mission targets 100 GW of solar by 2030. Rooftop solar schemes are expanding. Tenders for 73 GW of renewable projects hit in 2024—well above the 50 GW annual goal. According to figures compiled in the Hinrich-IMD Sustainable Trade Index (STI), Bharat’s per capita CO2 emissions are at a mere 1.9. Policies align with the 500 GW renewable target by 2030.
Global Standing
India ranks high in climate performance. The Climate Change Performance Index 2025 places it 10th globally. It’s one of two G20 nations in the top tier, alongside the UK. Total emissions make India the third-largest emitter, behind China and the U.S. But per capita stats tell a different story. Coal still powers over 70% of electricity, though renewables are cutting in.
- CCPI Rank: 10th in 2025.
- G20 High Performers: India and UK.
- Coal Share: Over 70% of power.
What’s Ahead?
India’s green energy capacity keeps climbing. The focus is on solar, wind, and storage. Net zero by 2070 is the long game. For now, low per capita emissions pair with rapid renewable growth. It’s a unique spot—big economy, small footprint per person. The push continues as demand and infrastructure evolve.
