Researchers have announced a significant breakthrough in perovskite solar cell technology with a new Molecular Press Annealing (MPA) method, which has greatly improved the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. This innovation is a response to one of the largest challenges that have so far hindered the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
Perovskite solar cells are a game-changer in the renewable energy industry as they can be produced at lower temperatures and costs compared to traditional silicon solar cells, but with similar or even better efficiencies.
How Molecular Press Annealing Works
The conventional thermal annealing process tends to cause damage to the perovskite crystal structure due to defects like ion vacancies and weaknesses in the grain boundary. The newly developed MPA technique incorporates heat, pressure, and a molecular passivation layer.
Scientists employed 2-pyridylethylamine molecules, which bind to the under-coordinated lead ions in the perovskite crystal structure. The binding of these molecules assists in healing defects, reducing ion migration, and achieving a more compact crystal structure. Consequently, the material exhibits improved resistance to heat, water, and light exposure.
Record-High Efficiency and Scalability
Scientists have been able to reach a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.5% using the MPA method in small-area perovskite solar cells. Larger cells also showed high efficiency, retaining a value of 25% or more, while solar modules with an active area of 16 cm² showed an efficiency of 23%. This is a very important factor for commercialization.
Exceptional Long-Term Stability
In addition to efficiency, the area where the breakthrough makes a significant difference is in durability. Even under severe testing conditions of 85°C temperature and 60% relative humidity, the solar cells maintained 98.6% of their original efficiency after over 1,600 hours. When stored under normal conditions, they maintained over 97% efficiency after 5,000 hours.
Implications for the Solar Industry
According to experts, the Molecular Press Annealing technique has the potential to speed up the commercialization of perovskite solar technology. Perovskite solar cells could soon become a viable alternative or complement to silicon photovoltaics due to their stability, efficiency, and compatibility with existing manufacturing processes. This technological advancement moves the global solar industry one step closer to lighter, cheaper, and more efficient solar panels, thus paving the way for a cleaner energy future.
